Four years after the outbreak of the financial crisis, the 'turbulence', the buzzword in 2008, have not subsided.
According to estimates by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), European institutions need between 100,000 and 200,000 million euros to recapitalize. The last known case, the Belgian Dexia , highly exposed to the public debt of Greece and Italy and has had to be rescued twice by public money.
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| Several Bank Branches in a Street Crowd. |
Markets wary of the euro area and from the crisis that started in May 2010 have reduced their lending to European banks . A key problem is the high weight of debt in their portfolios GIIPS (Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, as the acronym 'soft' the Bank for International Settlements, the Anglo-Saxon is PIIGS, 'pigs')
Europe
French and German institutions are much more tied to the Greek and Italian destinations than the Spanish, whose loans are concentrated in Spain. The Hellenic debt burden in the portfolios of the first two countries is around 5% and 3.4% respectively, compared to 2.9% and 0.8% of the U.S., for example.
Foreign banks had exposure of $ 138.356 million in the public (45.001 million) and private (93,355,000) Greeks in the first quarter. Of this, 56.942 million corresponded to 23,770 million to France and Germany.
The Greek government had billions in late 2010 to Société Générale (2.837 million), BNP Paribas (5239), Deutsche Bank (1,773), Commerzbank (3065), for example, in some cases the loans given to Japan United Kingdom.
In the case of Ireland , the problem is exposure to banks and enterprises: 473 047 000 debt with foreign banks, only 18.248 million in the public sector.
In Italy , 912,110 million dollars of exposure to foreign banks, were 281.635 million of debt. Only France accumulates just under half: Debt 410 238 000 105 045 000 total public debt.
The problem is that the Alpine country most of its debt, the largest in the world after the U.S. and Japan, are held by Italian banks, Intesa Sanpaolo (60,152,000), UniCredit (49.071 million), Banca Monte del Paschi di Siena (32.473 million) and Banco Popolare (11 770 million), to name a few.
Spain
Spanish exposure in portfolios of foreign banks was 726.198 million dollars in the first quarter, according to BIS. Of this amount, 109,370 million are public sector banks 216 699 000 Spanish, once exposed to their country.
German banks (29.389 million dollars) and France (32.581 million) were the most exposed to the Spanish public debt.
At the obligations of public authorities must add the credits given to households and businesses, many of them in the heat of the housing bubble. In Spain, the sovereign and private debt amounting to a 355% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2010. Of this amount, just over 60 points were obligations of the government, 90 of its citizens, and 193 companies.
Spanish banks
This is the radiograph of the Spanish financial system published in July, the European Banking Authority (EBA), the respondents stress test Dexia agreed to intervene.
To pass, required a 'capital cushion' (core capital) of 5%. That is, your available funds without risk (core capital, shares and other reserves) represent 5% of its assets considered risky. Five of the eight suspended were Spanish .
Data from core capital and risk assets are those obtained by the EBA until April this year. Exposure to sovereign debt is recorded at the end of 2010, although the crisis has been reduced gradually. In alphabetical order:
Civic Banking
It had a 5.6% core capital 46.657 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 4,756 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (4.747 million), Portugal (0), Italy (0) Greece (5 million) and Ireland (0).
Received 977 million euros of Frob during its merger in exchange for preference shares.
Banca March
Available 23.5% of core capital 9.521 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 150 million throughout the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (150 million), Italy (0), Portugal (0), Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
Banking Mare Nostrum
It had a 6.1% core capital 40.484 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 3.731 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (3.619 million), Portugal (88 million), Italy (0) and Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
In 2010 he was injected with 915 million in exchange FROB preference shares.
Banco Caja 3 (Suspense in the stress test)
It had a 4% core capital 13.856 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 1,523 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (1,514 million), Ireland (8 million), Portugal (0), Italy (0) and Greece (0).
Banco Pastor (Thriller)
It had a 3.3% core capital 18.461 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 2.553 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2.294 million), Portugal (116 million), Italy (103 million), Greece (41 million) and Ireland (0).
Banco Popular
It had a 5.3% core capital 95.396 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 9.727 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (8.874 million), Portugal (643 million), Italy (210 million), Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
Banco Sabadell
It had a 5.7% core capital 56.503 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 7.425 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (7.296 million), Portugal (91 million), Ireland (38 million), Italy (0) and Greece (0).
Banco Santander
It had a 8.4% core capital 650.979 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 56.529 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (46.019 million), Portugal (3.682 million), Italy (716 million) Greece (177 million) and Ireland (0).
Bankinter
It had a 5.3% core capital 32.259 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 3.595 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (3.594 million), Italy (1 million), Greece (0), Portugal (0) and Ireland (0).
BBK
It had a 8.8% core capital 29.299 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 3.119 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (3.112 million), Ireland (4 million), Portugal (3 million), Italy (0) and Greece (0).
BBVA
It had a 9.2% core capital 322.744 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 63.847 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (55.726 million), Italy (4.166 million), Portugal (661 million), Greece (127 million) and Ireland (0).
BFA-Bankia
It had a 5.4% core capital 216.318 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 27.985 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (25.402 million), Greece (55 million), Italy (0), Portugal (0) and Ireland (0).
In 2010 he was injected with 4.465 million in exchange FROB preference shares.
Caixabank (La Caixa)
It had a 6.4% core capital 164.622 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 36.864 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (35.463 million), Italy (1,322 million), Portugal (26 million), Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
Caixaontinyent
It had a 5.6% core capital compared to 666 million of risk-weighted assets.
Exposure of 6 million throughout the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (6 million), Portugal (0), Italy (0) and Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
Caixa Pollensa
It had a 6.2% core capital as opposed to 182 million of risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 26 million throughout the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (26 million), Portugal (0), Italy (0) and Greece (0) and Ireland (0).
Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo (Suspense and operated )
It had a 3% core capital 48.292 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 6.079 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (5.589 million), Italy (20 million), Ireland (15 million), Portugal (5 million) and Greece (0).
The intervention of the Bank of Spain, with the consequent departure of the previous directive came backed with an injection of 2,800 million euros in exchange for shares of the entity and a credit of 3,000 million.
EspañaDuero Box
It had a 7.3% core capital 25.275 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 7.602 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (7,575 million), Portugal (27 million), Italy (0), Ireland (0) and Greece (0).
In 2010 he was injected with 525 million in exchange FROB preference shares.
Caja Vital
It had a 8.7% core capital 6.272 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 597 million throughout the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (597 million), Ireland (0), Portugal (0), Italy (0) and Greece (0).
CatalunyaCaixa (nationalized Suspended)
It had a 4.8% core capital 49.754 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 2,850 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2,840 million), Italy (0), Ireland (0), Portugal (0) and Greece (0).
Received EUR 1,718 million Bank Restructuring Fund (Frob) in 2011 in exchange for the state controls a 89.74% of the entity. In 2010 he was injected with another 1,250 million in exchange for preference shares.
Effibank (Liberbank)
It had a 6.8% core capital 32.711 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 2,994 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2.941 million), Greece (37 million), Portugal (16 million), Italy (0) and Ireland (0).
Ibercaja
It had a 6.7% core capital 24.018 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 3.502 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2.909 million), Italy (384 million), Portugal (0), Ireland (0) and Greece (0).
Kutxa
Available 10.1% of core capital of 14.679 million against risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 1,512 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (1,512 million), Ireland (0), Portugal (0), Italy (0) and Greece (0).
Novacaixagalicia (nationalized)
It had a 5.3% core capital 54.958 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 4,668 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (4370 million), Italy (164 million), Portugal (134 million), Ireland (0) and Greece (0).
Received 2.465 million euros from the Bank Restructuring Fund (Frob) in 2011 in exchange for the state controls a 93.16% of the entity. In 2010 he was injected with 1.162 million FROB others in exchange for preference shares.
Unicaja
It had a 9.4% core capital 20.136 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exhibition of 3.264 million across the European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2.949 million), Italy (309 million), Greece (6 million), Portugal (0) and Ireland (0).
Unnim (Thriller)
It had a 4.5% core capital 17.232 million compared to risk-weighted assets.
Exposure from 2,598 million in the entire European Economic Area. In the periphery: Spain (2.574 million), Italy (11 million), Ireland (13 million), Portugal (0) and Greece (0).
Received EUR 568 million Bank Restructuring Fund (Frob) in 2011 in exchange for the state to control 100% of the entity. In 2010 it injected another 380 million in exchange for preference shares.
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